Preeclampsia de presentación grave asociada a hígado graso agudo del embarazo / Severe preeclampsia associated with acute fatty liver of pregnancy / Pré-eclâmpsia grave associada a fígado gorduroso agudo da gravidez

La preeclampsia se puede asociar a una patología poco frecuente como es el hígado graso agudo del embarazo. Se reporta el caso clínico de una paciente de 35 años, tercigesta, cursando embarazo gemelar que presenta preeclampsia con elementos de gravedad, asociada a hígado graso agudo del embarazo. Se realiza diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz de ambas patologías, presentando buena evolución materno-fetal.

Preeclampsia can be associated with acute fatty liver of pregnancy, a rare disease. This report describes the case of a 35-year-old patient, gravida 3, pregnant with twins, who presented with severe pre-eclampsia associated with acute fatty liver of pregnancy. Early diagnosis and treatment of both pathologies was performed, resulting in good maternal-fetal evolution.

A pré-eclâmpsia pode estar associada a uma patologia rara, como o fígado gorduroso agudo da gravidez. Neste relato, apresentamos uma paciente de 35 anos, terciária, em gestação gemelar, apresentando pré-eclâmpsia grave, associada a esteatose hepática aguda na gestação. É realizado diagnóstico e tratamento precoces de ambas as patologias, apresentando boa evolução materno-fetal.

Nefritis como debut lúpico en el embarazo: reporte de dos casos y revisión de la literatura / Nephritis as a lupic debut in pregnancy: report of two cases and review of the literature

ANTECEDENTES: El lupus eritematoso sistémico es una enfermedad autoinmunitaria multisistémica que afecta principalmente a mujeres en edad fértil. La nefritis lúpica es la manifestación clínica más frecuente durante la gestación y constituye un factor de riesgo para la pérdida del embarazo, en especial en pacientes con insuficiencia renal. Además, presenta mayor riesgo de pérdida fetal, restricción del crecimiento intrauterino e hipertensión. CASOS CLÍNICOS: El primer caso se trata de una gestante de 28 + 2 semanas con daño renal grave y anticuerpos anti-DNA en título elevado. En el segundo caso destaca el debut con sintomatología de dificultad respiratoria y edemas como manifestaciones clínicas de nefropatía lúpica tipo V a las 23 semanas de gestación. En ambas pacientes destaca la prematuridad como complicación perinatal, así como el crecimiento intrauterino retardado en el primer caso. Por último, se describen los resultados clínico-analíticos tras el inicio terapéutico específico en ambos casos. CONCLUSIONES: El diagnóstico diferencial del debut de nefritis lúpica durante la gestación continúa siendo un desafío, a pesar de los avances en cuanto a marcadores angiogénicos. La valoración clínica continúa siendo la piedra angular de este proceso diagnóstico y de sus implicaciones en cuanto a complicaciones del embarazo actuales y futuras.

BACKGROUND: Systemic lupus erythematosus is a multisystem autoimmune disease that mainly affects women of childbearing age. Lupus nephritis represents the most frequent clinical manifestation in pregnancy, constituting a risk factor for pregnancy loss, especially in patients with kidney damage. It also has a higher risk of fetal loss, intrauterine growth restriction, and gestational hypertension. CLINICAL CASES: The first case is a 28 + 2-week pregnant woman with severe kidney damage and high-titles anti-DNA antibodies. In the second case, we highlight the debut with symptoms of respiratory distress and edema as clinical manifestations of type V lupus nephropathy in a 23-week gestation. In both cases, prematurity stands out as a perinatal complication, as well as delayed intrauterine growth in the former. Finally, the clinical-analytical results are described, after the specific therapeutic initiation in both cases. CONCLUSIONS: The differential diagnosis of the onset of lupus nephritis during pregnancy continues to be a challenge, despite the advances in angiogenic markers; clinical assessment continues to be the cornerstone of this diagnostic process and its implications for current and future pregnancy complications.

Diabetes gestacional: necesidad del asesoramiento genético preconcepcional en Matanzas / Gestational diabetes: need for preconception genetic counseling in Matanzas

RESUMEN Introducción: muchas gestantes que se atienden en consulta de Genética prenatal provienen de familias con diabetes mellitus y desarrollan diabetes gestacional, por lo que requieren el asesoramiento genético preconcepcional sobre factores de riesgo, que en muchos casos no reciben. Objetivo: identificar los antecedentes familiares de diabetes mellitus en las gestantes que debutan con diabetes gestacional, sin haber tenido asesoramiento genético preconcepcional. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo durante el período 2017 a 2019 en 186 embarazadas diagnosticadas con diabetes gestacional, del municipio Matanzas. Resultados: el 39,7 % de las gestantes con diabetes gestacional pertenecían a familias con diabetes mellitus; el 27,02 % tenía un familiar de primer grado afectado; en el 59,45 % predominó la vía materna de transmisión hereditaria; un 22,58 % presentó defectos congénitos, y el 54,05 % no recibió asesoramiento genético preconcepcional. Conclusiones: no todas las embarazadas con antecedentes familiares de diabetes mellitus recibieron asesoramiento genético preconcepcional, indispensable para minimizar el riesgo de diabetes gestacional (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: many pregnant women attended in prenatal genetic consultation come from families with diabetes mellitus and develop gestational diabetes, so they require preconception genetic counseling on risk factors, which they do not receive in many cases. Objective: to identify family antecedents of diabetes mellitus in pregnant women who debut with gestational diabetes, without having received preconceptional genetic counseling. Materials and methods: a retrospective descriptive study was carried out during the period 2017 to 2019 in 186 pregnant women from the municipality of Matanzas, diagnosed with gestational diabetes. Results: 39.7 % of the pregnant with gestational diabetes came from families with diabetes mellitus; 27.02 % of them had an affected first-grade relative; maternal hereditary transmission predominated in 59.45 %; 22.58 % presented congenital defects, and 54.05 % did not received preconceptional genetic counseling. Conclusions: not all the pregnant women with family antecedents of diabetes mellitus received preconceptional genetic counseling, which is essential to minimize the risk of gestational diabetes (AU).

Hipotiroidismo subclínico en el embarazo / Subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy

Las alteraciones de la función tiroidea incluida el hipotiroidismo subclínico son unas de las patologías más frecuentes durante el embarazo, y se asocian a importantes complicaciones maternas, fetales y neonatales. Se han desarrollado múltiples guías de práctica clínica por sociedades internacionales en busca de unificar el enfoque diagnóstico y terapéutico de las patologías tiroideas durante la gestación, sin embargo hay evidencia insuficiente sobre la realización de tamizaje y aún más sobre las intervenciones terapéuticas en caso del hipotiroidismo subclínico, se presenta la siguiente revisión de la literatura para vislumbrar a la luz de información actualizada como realizar el abordaje integral de las pacientes gestantes con hipotiroidismo subclínico (AU)

Alterations in thyroid function, including subclinical hypothyroidism, are one of the most frequent pathologies during pregnancy, and are associated with important maternal, fetal, and neonatal complications. Multiple clinical practice guidelines have been developed by international societies in search of unifying the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of thyroid pathologies during pregnancy, however there is insufficient evidence on screening and even more on therapeutic interventions in case of subclinical hypothyroidism , the following review of the literature is presented to envision in the light of updated information how to carry out a comprehensive approach to pregnant patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (AU)

Nefrolitiasis en la paciente gestante: revisión de la literatura / Renal lithiasis in pregnant patient: a literary review

Resumen La litiasis renal en la paciente gestante es una condición relativamente infrecuente; sin embargo, es la causa más común de dolor no obstétrico durante el embarazo. En el periodo de gestación se producen diversos cambios anatomofisiológicos en el tracto urinario, como la dilatación de los cálices renales, la pelvis renal y los uréteres por causa del efecto que ejerce la progesterona sobre el músculo liso uretral, y la compresión de los uréteres por el útero grávido. Estas modificaciones conducen a un aumento del flujo plasmático renal y de la tasa de filtrado glomerular, ocasionando hiperuricosuria e hipercalciuria. Del mismo modo, durante el embarazo también se produce un aumento de la secreción de inhibidores de cálculos, por lo cual la prevalencia de la formación de cálculos durante el embarazo es similar a la de las mujeres no embarazadas. El bajo índice de sospecha por parte del médico tratante puede entorpecer el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de esta patología, que también son limitados en la gestación debido a los potenciales riesgos teratogénicos. Se realiza una revisión narrativa de la literatura partiendo de la evidencia científica disponible en las diferentes bases de datos y de esta manera se pretende instruir al médico en los aspectos clave de dicho tema.

Abstract Renal lithiasis in pregnant women is a relatively rare condition. However, it is the most common cause of non-obstetric pain during pregnancy. During the gestation period, various anatomical-physiological changes occur in the urinary tract. These changes include dilation of the renal calyces, renal pelvis, and ureters due to the effect of progesterone on urethral smooth muscle and compression of the ureters by the gravid uterus. These modifications lead to an increase in renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate, thus causing hyperuricosuria and hypercalciuria. Similarly, during pregnancy there is also an increase in the secretion of stone inhibitors, therefore, the prevalence of stone formation during pregnancy is similar to non-pregnant women. The low index of suspicion on the part of the treating physician can hinder the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology, which is also limited in pregnancy due to teratogenic risks. A narrative review of the literature is carried out based on the scientific evidence available in the different databases and in this way it is intended to instruct the doctor in the key aspects of said topic.

Hígado agudo graso del embarazo: reporte de caso / Acute fatty liver of pregnancy: case report

El hígado graso del embarazo es una patología poco frecuente en la especialidad obstétrica, cuyo diagnóstico se realiza basado en los criterios de Swansea, muchas veces es un diagnóstico que se realiza por exclusión; usualmente se presenta entre las semanas 30 y 35 del embarazo, y la cura definitiva se realiza con la interrupción expedita del mismo; con una tasa de recuperación casi del 100% si se realiza la interrupción oportuna y una tasa de mortalidad materno fetal actual del 10%. Es importante estar atentos a la ganancia ponderal de la embarazada durante el control prenatal, la epigastralgia, y los signos clínicos asociados a hipoglicemia(AU)

Fatty liver of pregnancy is a rare pathology in obstetrics, whose diagnosis is made based on the Swansea criteria, many times it is a diagnosis that is made by exclusion; It usually occurs between weeks 30 and 35, and the definitive cure is carried out with the expeditious interruption of pregnancy; with a recovery rate of almost 100% if timely interruption is made and a current maternal-fetal mortality rate of 10%. It is important to be attentive to the weight gain of the pregnant woman during prenatal control, epigastric pain, and clinical signs associated with hypoglycemia

Familial chylomicronemia syndrome-induced acute necrotizing pancreatitis during pregnancy

Abstract Acute pancreatitis is a rare condition in pregnancy, associated with a high mortality rate. Hypertriglyceridemia represents its second most common cause.We present the case of a 38-year-old woman in the 24th week of gestation with a history of hypertriglyceridemia and recurrent episodes of pancreatitis. She was admitted to our hospital with acute pancreatitis due to severe hypertriglyceridemia. She was stabilized and treated with fibrates. Despite her favorable clinical course, she developed a second episode of acute pancreatitis complicated by multi-organ dysfunction and pancreatic necrosis, requiring a necrosectomy. The pregnancy was ended by cesarean section, after which three plasmapheresis sessions were performed. She is currently asymptomatic with stable triglyceride levels. Acute pancreatitis due to hypertriglyceridemia represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in pregnant women, associated with serious maternal and fetal complications. When primary hypertriglyceridemia is suspected, such as familial chylomicronemia syndrome, the most important objective is preventing the onset of pancreatitis.

Maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancy in chronic kidney disease: diagnostic challenges, surveillance and treatment throughout the spectrum of kidney disease / Desfechos maternos e fetais da gravidez na doença renal crônica: desafios diagnósticos, vigilância e tratamento em todo o espectro da doença renal

Abstract Pregnancy requires several physiological adaptations from the maternal organism, including modifications in the glomerular filtration rate and renal excretion of several products. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can negatively affect these modifications and consequently is associated with several adverse maternal and fetal adverse outcomes (gestational hypertension, progression of renal disease, pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and preterm delivery). A multidisciplinary vigilance of these pregnancies is essential in order to avoid and/or control the harmful effects associated with this pathology. Dialysis and transplantation can decrease the risks of maternal and fetal complications, nonetheless, the rates of complications remain high comparing with a normal pregnancy. Several recent developments in this area have improved quality and efficacy of treatment of pregnant women with CKD. This article summarizes the most recent literature about CKD and pregnancy.

Resumo A gravidez requer várias adaptações fisiológicas do organismo materno, incluindo modificações na taxa de filtração glomerular e na excreção renal de vários produtos. A doença renal crônica (DRC) pode afetar negativamente essas modificações e, consequentemente, está associada a vários desfechos adversos maternos e fetais (hipertensão gestacional, progressão da doença renal, pré-eclâmpsia, restrição do crescimento fetal e parto prematuro). A vigilância multidisciplinar dessas gestações é fundamental para evitar e/ou controlar os efeitos deletérios associados a essa patologia. A diálise e o transplante podem diminuir os riscos de complicações maternas e fetais, no entanto, as taxas de complicações permanecem altas em comparação com uma gravidez normal. Vários desenvolvimentos recentes nesta área melhoraram a qualidade e a eficácia do tratamento de mulheres grávidas com DRC. Este artigo resume a literatura mais recente sobre DRC e gravidez.

Falsos positivos del cribado de trisomía 21 y 18 del primer trimestre y complicaciones obstétricas / Adverse outcomes in pregnancies with false positive trisomy 21 and 18 screening results

OBJETIVO: Analizar si los casos positivos de cribado combinado de trisomía 21 (t21) o trisomía 18 (t18) en ausencia de aneuploidía (falsos positivos- FP) se relacionan con complicaciones de la gestación, ajustando por factores demográficos y clínicos de riesgo. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo de casos y controles anidado en una cohorte de pacientes que acudieron para cribado del primer trimestre. Los casos fueron las pacientes con FP de riesgo combinado de t21 superior a 1/270 o riesgo de t18 superior a 1/100. Se consideraron complicaciones de la gestación: óbito fetal, parto prematuro menor de 34 semanas o prematuro menor de 37 semanas, preeclampsia, retrasos de crecimiento, pequeño para la edad gestacional (CIR, PEG) y diabetes gestacional (DG). Se ajustó por obesidad, edad, paridad, tabaquismo, y técnicas de reproducción asistida. RESULTADO: Se obtuvieron 204 casos de FP, 149 FP para trisomía 21, 41 para trisomía 18, y 14 FP para ambos riesgos. Se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa de FP t21 con óbito fetal (OR=3,5; ic95% 1,4-8,7; p=0,01), parto prematuro menor de 37 semanas (OR=2,2; IC95% 1,4-3,4; p=0,001), preeclampsia (OR =2,6; IC95% 1,17-6,1; p=0,02), PEG (OR =2,2; IC95% 1,2-4,1; p=0,02), CIR (OR=2,8; IC95% 1,6-5,1; p=0,001), y DG (OR=2,1; IC95% 1,2-3,7; p=0,01). Los FP t18 se asociaron con óbito (OR=8,9; IC95% 2,9-27; p=0,002). CONCLUSIÓN: Los FP del cribado del primer trimestre, para trisomía 21 y trisomía 18, se asocian con resultados obstétricos adversos.

We have studied whether positive cases of combined trisomy 21 (t21) or 18 (t18) screening in the absence of aneuploidy (false positives -FP-) are related to pregnancy complications adjusting for demographic and clinical risk factors. METHODS: Retrospective case-control study nested in a cohort of patients who came for first trimester aneuploidy screening. The cases were patients with FP combined risk of t21 (greater than 1/270) or t18 risk (greater than 1/100). The control group was a sample of patients with low-risk screening. We considered pregnancy complications: stillbirth, premature delivery before 34 and 37 weeks, preeclampsia, growth retardation, small for gestational age (FGR, SGA), and gestational diabetes (GD). Or were adjusted for obesity, age, parity, smoking, and assisted reproduction techniques. RESULTS: 204 cases of FP were obtained, 149 FP for trisomy 21, 41 for trisomy 18, and 14 FP for both risks. A statistically significant association between t21 FP was found with stillbirth (OR = 3.5; 95% CI 1.4-8.7; p = 0.01), preterm delivery less than 37 weeks (OR = 2.2; 95% CI 1.4-3.4; p = 0.001), preeclampsia (OR = 2.6; 95% CI 1.17-6.1; p = 0.02), SGA (OR = 2.2; 95% CI 1, 2-4.1; p = 0.02), FGR (OR = 2.8; 95% CI 1.6-5.1; p = 0.001), and GD (OR = 2.1; 95% CI 1.2 −3.7; p = 0.01). FP t18s were associated with fetal loss (OR= 8.9 (95% CI 2.9-27) p = 0.002. CONCLUSION: FP from first trimester screening for t21 and t18 are associated with adverse obstetric outcomes.

Transmediastinal gunshot wound in a pregnant patient with stable hemodynamics

Abstract Transmediastinal gunshot wounds (TGWs) may lead to life-threatening injuries of vital organs such as large vessels, the esophagus, and lungs. Although they are not commonly encountered in pregnant women, additional caution should be given to these patients. Physical examination for the diagnosis and the choice of treatment modality contain controversial points in hemodynamically stable patients, and resuscitation has excessive importance due to physiological changes in pregnancy. We present a hemodynamically stable 26-week pregnant woman brought to the emergency department for TGW. She had a 1-cm diameter of bullet entrance hole on the right anterior 4th intercostal space, 2 cm lateral to the sternum, and a 3-cm diameter exit hole on the right posterior 12th intercostal space on the midscapular line.With our conservative approach, she had an uncomplicated pregnancy period, and gave birth to a healthy baby at term.

Short-term prophylaxis for delivery in pregnant women with hereditary angioedema with normal C1-inhibitor / Profilaxia de curto prazo para o parto em grávidas com angioedema hereditário com inibidor de C1 normal

Abstract Objective To verify the efficacy of short-term prophylaxis for vaginal or cesarean section childbirth with plasma-derived C1-inhibitor concentrate in pregnant women. They should have hereditary angioedema (HAE) and normal plasma C1-inhibitor. Methods Case report of pregnant women diagnosed with HAE with normal C1- inhibitor who had been treated with intravenous C1-inhibitor concentrate for prophylaxis of angioedema attacks when hospitalized for delivery. The exon 9 of the Factor 12 (F12) genotyping gene was performed by automatic sequencing in all patients. Results Three cases of pregnant women with HAE with normal serum level of C1- inhibitor are reported. The genetic test detected the presence of a pathogenic mutation in the F12 gene. Deliveries occurred uneventfully and patients had no HAE symptoms in the following 72 hours. Conclusion C1-inhibitor concentrate could be useful to prevent angioedema attacks during and after delivery.

Resumo Objetivo Verificar a eficácia da profilaxia de curto prazo para o parto vaginal ou cesáreo com inibidor de C1 derivado de plasma concentrado em mulheres grávidas. Eles devem ter angioedema hereditário e inibidor normal de C1 no plasma. Métodos Relato de caso de gestantes diagnosticadas com angioedema hereditário com inibidor de C1 normal que foram tratadas com inibidor intravenoso de concentrado de C1 para profilaxia de ataques de angioedema quando hospitalizadas para o parto. O exon 9 do gene de genotipagem do fator 12 (F12) foi realizado por sequenciamento automático em todos os pacientes. Resultados Três casos de gestantes com angioedema hereditário com nível sérico normal de inibidor de C1 são relatados. O teste genético detectou a presença de uma mutação patogênica no gene F12. Os partos ocorreram sem intercorrências e as pacientes não apresentaram sintomas hereditários de angioedema nas 72 horas seguintes. Conclusão O concentrado de inibidor de C1 pode ser útil para prevenir ataques de angioedema durante e após o parto.

Selective case finding versus universal screening for detecting hypothyroidism in the first trimester of pregnancy: a comparative evaluation of a group of pregnant women from Rio de Janeiro

ABSTRACT Objective Maternal hypothyroidism during pregnancy may lead to adverse outcomes. Recently published guidelines by the American Thyroid Association (ATA) do not advocate for universal screening but recommend a case-finding approach in high-risk pregnant women. The present study aims to evaluate the accuracy of this approach in identifying women with thyroid dysfunction during early pregnancy. Subjects and methods This is a multiple-center, cross-sectional study. Three hundred and one pregnant women were enrolled. Anamnesis and a physical examination were performed to detect which women fulfilled the criteria to undergo laboratory screening of thyroid dysfunction, according to the ATA's 2017 guidelines. The Zulewski's validated clinical score was applied to assess signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism. Serum levels of thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), anti-thyroperoxidase (TPO-Ab), and anti-thyroglobulin (Tg-Ab) antibodies were determined. Results Two hundred and thirty one women (78%) were classified as high risk, and 65 (22%) were classified as low risk for thyroid dysfunction. Regarding the clinical score, 75 patients (31.2%) presented mild symptoms that were compatible with SCH, of which 22 (7.4%) had symptoms as the only risk factor for thyroid disease. 17 patients (5.7%) had SCH, of which 10 (58.8%) belonged to the high-risk group, and 7 (41.2%) belonged to the low-risk group. OH was found in 4 patients (1.4%): 3 (75%) in the high-risk group and 1 (25%) in the low-risk group. Conclusions The ATA's proposed screening criteria were not accurate in the diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy. Testing only the high-risk pregnant women would miss approximately 40% of all hypothyroid patients.

Depresión perinatal: detección, diagnóstico y estrategias de tratamiento / Perinatal depression: a review on diagnosis and treatment strategies

Para las mujeres, experimentar cambios emocionales durante el embarazo y hasta un año posterior al parto puede ser parte del proceso de adaptación a los cambios fisiológicos y emocionales de esta nueva etapa, siendo por lo general manejable por ellas mismas. Diferente es el desarrollo de síntomas depresivos durante este período perinatal que comprende el embarazo y hasta doce meses posterior al parto. La depresión perinatal constituye un trastorno de alta prevalencia que puede tener efectos negativos tanto para la salud de la madre, del hijo y de otros miembros de la familia.

For women it is natural to experience changes in mood and feelings during pregnancy and after twelve months after childbirth, these shifting moods are often manageable by themselves, it differs with depressive symptoms that appear during these period. Perinatal depression constitutes a high prevalence disorder that might have a negative effect not only in the mother, but the child and other familiy members.

Hígado graso agudo del embarazo en una gestante peruana: a propósito de un caso / Acute fatty liver of pregnancy in a Peruvian pregnant woman: a case report

RESUMEN El hígado graso agudo del embarazo es una rara enfermedad de la gestación que se presenta con mayor preponderancia durante el tercer trimestre. Su etiología es desconocida, pero se evidencia un depósito micro vesicular de grasa a nivel del hepatocito. Tiene una mortalidad materno-fetal hasta un 20% debido a que el único tratamiento es terminar la gestación. Se reporta el caso de una gestante de 28 años de edad, con 36 semanas de embarazo, que acude con cuadro clínico de dolor abdominal asociado a malestar general, náuseas y vómitos. Los exámenes de laboratorio mostraron alteración del perfil hepático, falla renal y coagulopatía. La ecografía abdominal mostró infiltración hepática grasa. Se brindó manejo de soporte y regulación de trastornos hemodinámicos. El manejo final fue intervención de cesárea por emergencia debido a complicación de óbito fetal. La paciente fue dada de alta con mejoría de cuadro clínico y de las alteraciones de laboratorio.

ABSTRACT Acute fatty liver of pregnancy is a rare disease of pregnancy that occurs with greater preponderance during the third trimester. Its etiology is unknown, but there is evidence of a micro vesicular fat deposit in the hepatocyte. It has a maternal-fetal mortality up to 20% because the only treatment is to end gestation. We present a case of a 28-year-old pregnant woman, with 36 weeks of pregnancy, who had abdominal pain associated with general malaise, nausea and vomiting. Laboratory tests showed liver profile alteration, renal failure and coagulopathy. Abdominal ultrasound showed fatty liver infiltration. Support management and correction of hemodynamic disorders were provided. The final management was emergency caesarean section to avoid fetal death as a dreaded complication. The patient was discharged with improvement of clinical symptoms and laboratory alterations.

The use of the Modified Early Obstetric Warning System (MEOWS) in women after pregnancies: a descriptive study / Aplicação do Modified Early Obstetric Warning System (MEOWS) em mulheres após gestações: um estudo descritivo

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the modified early obstetric warning system (MEOWS) in women after pregnancies in a tertiary hospital in Brazil. Methods: a descriptive study was conducted with 705 hospitalized women. Vital signs (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature) and lochia were registered on medical records and transcribed into the MEOWS chart of physiological parameters. On this graphic chart, yellow alerts were used to present moderate abnormalities in vital signs, while severe abnormalities were presented in red. The presence of at least one red alert or two yellow alerts were triggered to indicate the need for medical evaluation. Results: although abnormalities were found in the physiological parameters of 49.8% of the women identified from MEOWS triggers, medical evaluation was only requested for three patients (0.8%). Conclusions: in a retrospective application of the use of MEOWS showed a significant number of patients had triggered in which the nursing team did not recognize 99.2% of cases. This finding could be attributed to the fact that MEOWS has not been yet adopted in this service as part of the nursing care. The application of this tool would result in a better care because critical situations would be recognized and corrected quickly, avoiding unfavorable outcomes.

Resumo Objetivos: avaliar o modified early obstetric warning system (MEOWS) em mulheres após gestações, em um hospital terciário do Brasil. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo descritivo incluindo 705 mulheres internadas. Os sinais vitais (pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica, frequência cardíaca, frequência respiratória, temperatura) e lóquios, registrados no prontuário, foram transcritos para o gráfico de parâmetros fisiológicos do MEOWS. Neste gráfico, anormalidades moderadas nos sinais vitais eram sinalizadas por alertas amarelos, enquanto anormalidades graves eram sina-lizadas em vermelho. A presença de, pelo menos, um alerta vermelho ou dois alertas amarelos foi chamada de eventos gatilho, indicando necessidade de avaliação médica. Resultados: dentre as mulheres estudadas, 49,8% apresentaram anormalidades nos parâmetros fisiológicos, através da identificação de eventos gatilho no MEOWS, porém avaliação médica foi solicitada para apenas três pacientes, resultando num percentual de 0,8%. Conclusões: a utilização do MEOWS, de forma retrospectiva, evidenciou uma quantidade significativa de pacientes apresentando eventos gatilho, os quais não foram reconhecidos pela equipe de enfermagem em 99,2% dos casos. Este achado pode ser atribuído ao fato de o MEOWS ainda não ser adotado no serviço como parte da rotina dos cuidados de enfermagem. A aplicação dessa ferramenta resultaria numa assistência melhor, pois situações críticas seriam reconhecidas e corrigidas com maior precocidade, evitando desfechos desfavoráveis.

Preeclampsia y enfermedad cardiovascular: un enfoque integral para detectar las fases subclínicas de complicaciones obstétricas y cardiovasculares / Pregnancy and cardiovascular disease: a comprehensive approach to detect subclinical phases of obstetric and cardiovascular complications

ANTECEDENTES: Desde 1995 hasta la fecha la asociación entre patologías derivadas los embarazos hipertensivos y las enfermedades cardiovasculares ha generado un gran volumen de potentes evidencias epidemiológicas y clínicas. OBJETIVOS: Los propósitos de esta revisión son varios. Mostrar la consistencia y magnitud de la evidencia científica. Integrar los riesgos/enfermedades cardiovasculares y los problemas obstétricos a través de la disfunción endotelial. Preconizar el seguimiento postparto de la hipertensa embarazada, como una ventana de oportunidad para beneficiar la salud de las mujeres y sus hijos. Incluir la historia obstétrica como factor de riesgo de enfermedad coronaria. Proponer cuestionarios adaptables a las prácticas locales para facilitar la pronta incorporación de los índices de riesgo obstétrico y cardiovascular en dos etapas de la vida de una mujer. CONCLUSIÓN: Ha llegado el momento para que los equipos obstétricos, cardiológicos y pacientes jueguen un rol en la prevención de los riesgos y enfermedades cardiovasculares.

BACKGROUND: From 1995 onwards the association between hypertensive pregnancies and cardiovascular disease has generated a great volume of epidemiologic and clinical evidence. OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this review are several. To demonstrate the consistence and weight of the scientific evidence. To integrate cardiovascular risks/ diseases and obstetric complications through the link of endothelial dysfunction. To advocate postpartum follow-up after a hypertensive pregnancy as a window of opportunity to benefit the health of mothers and offsprings. To include the obstetrical history as a risk factor for coronary disease. To propose questionnaires adaptable to local practices to incorporate cardiovascular and obstetrical indexes into two stages of a woman's lifetime. CONCLUSION: The time has come for obstetrical teams, cardiologists and patients to play a preventive role regarding cardiovascular risks and diseases.

Amnesia en el embarazo / Amnesia in Pregnancy

La memoria es la capacidad para aprender, organizar y fijar eventos de nuestro pasado y se encuentra íntimamente ligado a la función de la atención. Es capaz de guardar datos a través de mecanismos ultra complejos que se desarrollan en tres etapas: codificación, almacenamiento y evocación. La presencia de la amnesia impide que esta capacidad se desarrolle adecuadamente. La amnesia ocurre cuando se comprueba que alguien ha perdido o tiene debilitada la memoria. Hay varias causas de pérdida de la memoria, como ha sido señalado, por ejemplo, en la etapa del climaterio y la menopausia donde este aspecto es considerado para clasificar la intensidad del síndrome climatérico que se presenta con frecuencia en esta etapa. La persona que sufre este trastorno no es capaz de almacenar ni de recuperar información recibida con anticipación, ya sea por motivos orgánicos o funcionales. La amnesia (del griego ἀμνησία amnesia, olvido) es la pérdida parcial o completa de la memoria. Sus causas son orgánicas o funcionales. Muchas mujeres, cuando se encuentran embarazadas experimentan una pérdida parcial de memoria a corto plazo conocida como amnesia del embarazo, mumnecia, o lo que los anglosajones suelen llamar placenta's brain (cerebro de placenta). Durante el embarazo, las fluctuaciones hormonales que experimenta la mujer producen cambios en la actividad cerebral, provocando una pérdida parcial de memoria a corto plazo. Sobre este aspecto abordaremos el estado actual que hay sobre este tema(AU)

Memory is the capacity to learn, organize and fix events of our past and is intimately linked to the function of attention. It is capable of saving data through ultra-complex mechanisms that are developed in three stages: coding, storage and evocation. The presence of amnesia prevents this ability from developing properly. Amnesia occurs when it is proven that someone has lost or has weakened memory. There are several causes of memory loss, as has been pointed out, for example, in the climacteric stage and menopause where this aspect is considered to classify the intensity of the climacteric syndrome that frequently occurs in this stage. The person suffering from this disorder is not able to store or retrieve information received in advance, for organic or functional reasons. Amnesia (from Greek ἀμνησία amnesia, forgetfulness) is the partial or complete loss of memory. Many pregnant women experience a partial loss of short-term memory known as pregnancy amnesia, mumnecia, or placenta's brain as the Anglo-Saxons usually call it. During pregnancy, the hormonal fluctuations experienced by women produce changes in brain activity, causing partial loss of short-term memory. On this aspect, we will address the status on this topic(AU)